Trace Element Evaporation during Coal Gasification Based on a Thermodynamic Equilibrium Calculation Approach

Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations using the HSC-Chemistry program were performed to determine the distribution and mode of occurrence of potentially toxic and corrosive trace elements in gases from coal gasification processes. The influence of temperature, pressure and gas atmospheres on equilibrium composition was evaluated. In these reducing conditions, the behaviour of the trace elements is complex, but some form of organization can be attempted. Elements were classified into three groups. Group A includes those elements that, according to thermodynamic data at equilibrium, could probably be condensed in coal gasification. Mn is classified in this group. Group B contains those elements that could be totally or partially in gas phase in gas cleaning conditions, and can be divided into two subgroups, depending on whether the cleaning conditions are hot or cold. Co, Be, Sb, As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, V, Cr are elements in this group. Group C contains those elements that could be totally in gas phase in all the possible conditions, including flue gas emissions. Se, Hg and B are the elements that make up this group.